Bumblebee Houses

No, bumblebees do not usually live in hives like honeybees. Most bumblebee species nest in small cavities, often in abandoned mouse or bird nests, compost heaps, grass tussocks or sheltered spaces beneath sheds. Bumblebee colonies are also much smaller than honeybee colonies, typically containing dozens to a few hundred individuals depending on the species and time of year. They are generally peaceful when left undisturbed and are an important pollinator in gardens.

Place a bumblebee nest box in a low, shaded and undisturbed part of the garden. Position it at or close to ground level, with the entrance clear and some natural cover nearby, such as beneath a hedge or among dense vegetation. Avoid exposed positions in full sun, as the box can become too warm. A sheltered, north-facing or partially shaded location can provide the cool, protected conditions that a queen bumblebee may look for when searching for a nesting site in spring.

No, there is no guarantee that a bumblebee nest box will be used. Bumblebee queens can be selective about nesting sites and may choose natural cavities, such as an old mouse nest, rather than a purpose-built box. Putting the box out before queens become active in early spring gives them the opportunity to investigate it, but it may take time before one is occupied. Providing plenty of flowering plants nearby is equally important, as these offer the nectar and pollen bumblebees need.

An empty bumblebee nest box in late summer is usually a normal part of the colony’s life cycle, rather than a sign that something has gone wrong. Bumblebee colonies are annual, with the original queen, workers and males dying towards the end of the season while newly produced queens leave to find somewhere to overwinter. If your box has been used, it can therefore become empty by August or September. Leave the box in place over winter and follow the manufacturer’s guidance on whether and when it should be cleaned.

If a bumblebee colony has taken up residence in a bird box, it is usually best to leave the nest undisturbed. Bumblebee queens often choose existing cavities containing nesting material, so an old bird nest can provide a suitable place to establish a colony. Bumblebees are generally peaceful when left alone, but avoid opening or moving the box while it is occupied. The colony will naturally die out towards the end of the season, after which you can clean the box and put up another one for birds if needed.

Providing a reliable source of nectar and pollen throughout the year can help bumblebees more than a nest box alone. Early spring and late summer can be particularly important, when fewer flowers may be available for emerging queens and active colonies. Allow herbs such as oregano, marjoram, thyme and lavender to flower rather than cutting them back too soon. Planting a range of flowering plants that bloom at different times can provide bumblebees with food from spring through to autumn.